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Toxic compounds of mushrooms
Ascherová, Adriana ; Vitoulová, Eva (referee) ; Vítová, Eva (advisor)
This work is devoted to the toxic compounds of mushrooms. The theme is divided into three sections. The first part deals with the chemical composition of mushrooms, with main emphasis on the content of heavy metals and medicinal substances. The following section is focused on the poisonous mushrooms, the most important representatives and the mechanism of action of their poisons. Part three explains the issue of edible mushrooms and the poisonings, which may cause. In particular they are biogenic amines, the work monitors their chemical composition, origin, structure and distribution, occurrence, biological effects and methods of measurement (gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, thin layer chromatography and capillary electrophoresis).
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Portable liquid chromatograph and analyses of hazardous substances
Šesták, Jozef ; Gogaľová, Zuzana ; Kahle, Vladislav ; Lunerová, K.
Progress in technology of microchips, batteries and LEDs in the last two decades enable development of portable instruments which can satisfy the requirements of modern liquid chromatography (LC). Application of portable LC is advantageous if simple and rapid sample treatment procedure followed by a short HPLC run can be executed in the point of sampling. Our research group have developed a concept of portable HPLC based on simple hydraulic scheme and a unique optical detector for simultaneous detection of absorbance and fluorescence of compounds eluted off microcolumn. Considering in-field analysis of hazardous substances, this instrument can be advantageous for analysis of compounds which are difficult to detect and quantify by other contemporary portable instruments utilizing different working principles due to incompatibility with their physico-chemical properties (e. g. microbial toxins).
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Pathogenic Escherichia coli
Bílková, Dominika ; Vejsová, Marcela (advisor) ; Voxová, Barbora (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Subject of study: Healthcare bioanalytics Author: Dominika Bílková Supervisor: Mgr. Marcela Vejsová, Ph.D. Title: Pathogenic Escherichia coli Background: The aim of this work is to gather basic knowledge about bacteria Escherichia coli. The work is mainly focused on pathogenic serotypes of E. coli, their virulence factors and symptoms of diseases. The work also deals with laboratory diagnosis options for E. coli and treatment and prevention options. Main findings: Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacterium and a member of the family Enterobacterales. It is common part of the human intestinal microflora, where it produces vitamin K and inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Some serotypes of E. coli are pathogenic and they have the ability to cause intestinal or extraintestinal diseases. Intestinal pathogens cause intestinal infections with diarrhea and they are divided into enteropathogenic (EPEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enterohemorrhagic (EHEC), enteroaggregative (EAEC) and diffusely adherent (DAEC) E. coli. Extraintestinal pathogens cause mainly urinary tract infections, neonatal meningitis and sepsis. Conclusions: Escherichia coli is important part of...
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Killer plants in Prague and its surroundings: A guide to their diversity and hidden dangers
Kováříková, Kateřina ; Slovák, Marek (advisor) ; Novotný, Petr (referee)
The immobility of plants and their inability to escape from danger is compensated by the creation of various defence strategies, which are used mainly by toxic plants. The main goal of the bachelor's thesis is a literature review on the topic of poisonous (toxic) plants, both in the context of defence mechanisms and their importance for human society. The thesis deals with the description of the main groups of toxic plant compounds, summarizes their chemical composition, properties, distribution, and effects on the human body. The second half of the work is focused on the diversity of wild-growing but also of some cultivated toxic plants of our landscape with a specific focus on the flora of Prague and its immediate surroundings. It analyzes plant representatives from two families, important for the production of toxic secondary metabolites, in more detail. Specifically, they are the aubergine (Solanaceae) and buttercup (Ranunculaceae) families. Along with the description of partial representatives, their distribution, ecology, my work also describes the documented poisonings and use of poisonous plants in folk and modern medicine. The impetus for the creation of this work is the low awareness not only of the child population but also of adults, about the dangers, risks, and impact of these toxic...
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Protect of Population and Biological Weapons
TUREČKOVÁ, Lucie
The bachelor thesis offers an insight into the issue of biological weapons. It is divided into several parts. The theoretical part describes the general characteristics of biological weapons. Furthermore, the history of the development of biological weapons is briefly mentioned, important milestones in this area are added, such as vaccine development. The history is followed by a description of the individual biological agents, the description of the biological agent, its effects on the organism and its inclusion in the group. Furthermore, the thesis describes the way of spreading biological agents and the ways of entry of biological agents into the body. The next chapter is devoted to international and Czech legislation governing the use of biological weapons. The last chapters are devoted to protection against biological agents, decontamination and detection and identification of biological agents. The next part, i.e. empirical, defines the methods and objectives of own research and the results that are graphically processed for clarity. Subsequently, the results are described in the discussion. The main aim of this thesis was to find out whether students of the business academy and secondary vocational school Kaplice have sufficient knowledge in the field of biological weapons. Part of this goal was also to answer the research questions: What is the knowledge of the protection of the population in the field of biological weapons and the readiness for attack by biological weapons in the students of these schools in Kaplice? Do they have a proper level of knowledge of the protection of the population in the field of the biological weapons? A questionnaire survey was used to ensure this information. Altogether 81 students participated in the survey. Research has revealed that students' knowledge of biological weapons is low, specifically in the field of protection from biological weapon attack and in biological field. Low knowledge was also in the basic characteristics of biological weapons, where complementary questions are included such as what the term epidemic means. Therefore, a measure has been proposed that can deepen knowledge in this area.
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Type II secretion system in gram negative bacteria.
Klápšťová, Veronika ; Doležal, Pavel (advisor) ; Mach, Jan (referee)
This thesis describes the structure and the assembly of the type II secretion system which is found in some gram negative bacteria such as Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Legionella pneumophila or Klebsiella oxytoca and which transports their exoproteins across the outer membrane. The thesis also presents some important substrates translocated by this system - toxins, enzymes and proteins involved in bacterial metabolism or motility - and hypothetical mechanism of the secretion. Conclusion is focused on the discovery of the secretion system in mitochondria of some protists and its importance for the research of the evolution of eukaryotic organisms.
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Knowledge of Procedures in Extraordinary Circumstances among the Members of Primary Units of Integrated Rescue System in the Moravian-Silesian Region
ŠMÍDOVÁ, Monika
The diploma thesis deals with knowledge of procedures in extraordinary circumstances among the members of primary units of the Integrated Rescue System in the Moravian - Silesian region. It is specifically focused on knowledge of procedures to be done when finding an unknown object with a suspicion of a presence of biological agens, toxins and so-called dirty bomb. To find out answers and results I chose the method of quantitative research I asked for completing questionnaires. I prepared questions using a special catalog of characteristic activities and I handed the questionnaires over to respondents who work as members of the primary units of the Integrated Rescue System. I used Microsoft Excel to process the acquired data and expressed the results as a percentage success rate of the respondents. Using the "2" statistical method, I investigated if there is a link between a level of knowledge and particular units. I also compared percentage success rate of chosen questions of my respondents with Mgr.Kotyza's respondents. The respondents´ knowledge level reached 27 %. The hypothesis # 1 was accepted: " As to biological agens, so-called dirty bomb and toxins, the knowledge of the members of primary units of the Integrated Rescue System does not reach 80 % of correct answers". The hypothesis # 2: "As to biological agens, so called dirty bomb and toxins, the knowledge of the members of primary units of the Integrated Rescue System does not depend on a type of a particular unit" was rejected based on statistical data when found out that there was a link between specific knowledge and a type of particular units in 71 percent of cases. Comparing Mgr.Kotyza's results, the respondents from the South Bohemia achieved better results than in the Moravian Silesian region. I suppose that the low knowledge level was caused by a lack of training in this field and few opportunities where members can get acquainted with such matters like the biological agens, toxins and so-called dirty bomb.
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